General Provisions

1. Huranos Company is the entity responsible for managing the registry of the top-level domain
2. Submitting a service request is limited to the following categories:
   • A natural person holding nationality
   • A legal entity that has an effective place of management or conducts ongoing activities extending to the Arab Republic
   • An owner of a trademark or trade name registered in the Arab Republic
3. The customer guarantees the accuracy of the information provided, and Huranos Company bears no responsibility for verifying its correctness
4. Priority for registration is determined on a first-come, first-served basis according to the date of receipt by Huranos Company, without discrimination or exception between applications. The information recorded in the top-level domain registry shall be the reference for determining the date and time
5. Huranos Company is not a party to any legal dispute arising from the content of the domain
6. Huranos Company’s acceptance of a domain name registration request does not imply endorsement or validation of the documents submitted with the application
7. The use of the website is prohibited for any content that violates commonly accepted public morals and values, or that offends religions, countries, cities, or natural or legal persons

Domain Name Registration Rules

1. The customer may register a domain name under the top-level domain, provided it does not conflict with the terms set out in this document
2. The domain name must be related to the applicant and must not be registered in bad faith for the purpose of infringing on the rights of others

3. Huranos Company may suspend the registration of a domain name if it is registered by a person with no connection to that name and it corresponds to a registered trademark or a well-known name (such as a celebrity’s name), unless written consent is obtained from the rightful owner
4. Registration of names containing words with inappropriate meanings (in any language), or those that conflict with religions, customs, or the applicable laws and regulations in the Arab Republic, is not permitted
5. The customer may choose to register a domain name either without activation (without specifying name servers) or with activation (by specifying name servers)
6. A customer who has registered a domain name and specified name servers may register subdomains at the next level under the registered domain. Huranos Company does not charge additional fees for this, provided that it is for the customer’s own use only and not for registering such subdomains on behalf of other customers
7. Huranos Company defines a list of names with special significance that may not be registered as second-level domains except under specific conditions. (Annex 1)
8. Huranos Company establishes a set of rules to determine cases of visual similarity between domain names registered in Arabic script. Huranos Company reserves the right to assess the degree of similarity and may refuse to register a domain name if it causes confusion with other registered domain names. (Annex 2)
9. Huranos Company designates certain general domain names that customers are not permitted to register, and sets the conditions for registration under these domains as third-level domain names. (Annex 3)
10. Registered domain names must follow the following format:

A: The top-level domain name in Arabic script

The specifications and recommendations document for Arabic domain names (RFC 5564) is adopted as a reference for forming domain names under the “.Syria” domain. In particular, the following conditions must be observed:

1. It must contain only Arabic letters
2. It must begin with a letter, must not end with a hyphen (-) , and must not contain consecutive hyphens (--)
3. The number of characters in the name must not exceed 63 and must not be fewer than 2 characters
4. Words must not be concatenated, and the name must not contain spaces; hyphens (-) may be used in place of spaces
5. The name must not contain the shadda ّ or any diacritical marks
6. The name must not contain the tatweel (kashida) character ( ____ )

7. The digits zero (0) and one (1) must not be used as separators between words

B: The top-level domain name in Latin script

1. It must consist of Latin characters (A–Z), be case-insensitive, and may include digits (0–9) and hyphens (-), or any combination thereof. The use of characters from other languages is not permitted
2. It must begin and end with a letter or a digit (A–Z, 0–9), and spaces between the characters of the name are not allowed
3. The number of characters in the name must not exceed 63 and must not be fewer than 2 characters

Customer Obligations

1. The customer is responsible for the accuracy and correctness of all information provided during the registration process and must inform Huranos Company of any changes to this information
2. The customer undertakes not to use the registered domain name or the content of the associated website in violation of the terms set out in this document, or in breach of applicable national or international laws
3. The customer undertakes not to involve Huranos Company in any form of relationship with any third party
4. The customer must inform Huranos Company of any changes that may occur to the information related to the registration of the domain name as listed in the registration form.
5. Respect intellectual property rights and all related acts and activities.

Authority Obligations

1. Maintaining the confidentiality of data identified as confidential information and not disclosing it to any third party unless there are legal or security necessities.
2. Maintaining the registration system and the top-level domain registry and taking the necessary measures to protect such data from loss, misuse, unauthorized disclosure, modification, destruction, or intrusion.
3. Ensuring the continuous operation of the name servers for the top-level domain.

Authority Rights

1. Rejecting any domain name registration request in the event of a violation of the provisions set out in this document.
2. Suspending or cancelling the registration of a domain name as stated in Article (10) of this document.
3. Resolving disputes over names and determining the party entitled to a particular name.
4. Rejecting the registration of any domain name belonging to government entities in favor of a customer even if the government entity entitled to the name has waived its right in the customer's favor.
5. Rejecting the registration of any name having a special significance that prevents its registration at the discretion of the authority.
6. Amending this document as needed, in accordance with the requirements of the public interest.

Ownership Right

The registration of a domain name under the top-level domain does not grant any right to own that domain, nor does it grant any legal intellectual property rights in the domain name; rather, it is considered only an exclusive license to use the domain (that is, as a form of lease) for a specified renewable period.

Domain Name Registration

1. The customer shall submit a request to register a domain name using the designated service form signed by them, which shall be completed with accurate and correct information under their responsibility and sent to Huranos Company together with the supporting documents specified by the authority. (Annex 4)
2. The signed service form may be submitted either in paper form or electronically.
3. The domain name shall be registered after confirming that the name is available and complies with the general registration conditions for one month without activation in the event that the required supporting documents are not completed.
4. The domain name registration shall be confirmed and activated after submitting all required supporting documents and paying the registration fees. The registration request shall be cancelled if Huranos Company does not receive these fees within one month from the registration date.
5. Registration period: A domain name may be registered or renewed for one Gregorian year or more.
6. The fees for domain registration and renewal are determined based on the effective decisions of the authority.

Renewal of Domain Name Registration

If the customer wishes to renew the registration of the domain name after the registration period has expired, they must pay the renewal fees before the expiry date.

Suspension or Cancellation of Domain Name Registration

A- Huranos Company shall suspend or cancel the registration of a domain name in the following cases:

1. Failure to pay the renewal fees after the expiration of the registration period, as follows:
   • Huranos Company suspends the registration of the name, but it does not become available, and the customer is granted a one-month grace period for payment before the registration is permanently cancelled. The name will be reactivated for the same customer after the renewal fees are paid.
   • If payment is not made after the expiry of the grace period, the domain name shall be permanently cancelled, become available, and may be registered by any other customer.
2. If the content of the website associated with the domain name violates the provisions set out in this document, as follows:
   • The service shall be suspended and the name registration stopped while the customer retains their right to it, and Huranos Company shall issue a written warning requesting correction of the situation within a period determined by Huranos Company according to the case.
   • The registration of the name shall be permanently cancelled, the customer shall lose their right to the name, and it shall become available again if they fail to respond within the specified period.
3. If the registered name violates the general service conditions, as follows:
   • The customer shall be granted a period of ten days to amend the name if they wish, and the customer shall transfer any activities related to the infringing name to the new name without any additional fees.
   • The registration of the name shall be permanently cancelled if the granted period expires without the customer correcting the situation.
4. At the customer's request.

B- The customer is not entitled to recover any amounts paid for the registration of a domain name in the event of its cancellation.

C- Huranos Company shall not be responsible for any damage or loss that may result from the suspension or cancellation of a domain name.

Transfer of the Domain Name

The customer may transfer the name they have registered to a third party. The transfer process shall not be completed until the third party signs the service form instead of the transferring customer and fully replaces them in terms of rights and obligations after obtaining the authority's approval. All information and personal data related to the registered name shall be amended to match the information of the new customer.

The transfer shall not be considered a new registration, and the registration date shall remain as it was with the former customer.

Compensation for Damage

The customer undertakes not to use the registered domain name or any activity associated with it to harm any person, hack any website, or cause damage of any kind to any entity whatsoever, or cause any damage to Huranos Company, its employees, agents, or systems. The customer shall bear all costs and expenses arising from such damage, under penalty of cancellation or suspension of all names registered in the customer's favor and legal prosecution. The customer also expressly undertakes that Huranos Company shall not be liable for any consequences resulting from the customer's misuse of the service.

Disputes

In the event of any dispute over a domain name between the customer and a third party, Huranos Company shall resolve the dispute upon the submission of an official complaint by either party, and each party must provide evidence of their entitlement to the registered name.

If either party does not agree with the settlement made by Huranos Company, they may resort to the competent judiciary to decide on the matter. The name shall remain active and registered to the first customer who leased the name unless proven otherwise, in which case Huranos Company shall correct the situation and transfer ownership of the name to the other party who is the actual rightful owner.

Names of Special Significance

Based on the regulatory list concerning the general conditions for registering domain names under the top-level domain, particularly item /7/ of Article /3/ titled (Domain Name Registration Rules), which states that:

First: The names listed in the following table are considered names of special significance and may not be registered as second-level domains by any customer:

Second: The following names of special significance may be registered as second-level domains under special conditions as follows:

• Names of governorates, cities, regions, and countries: They may be granted only to government entities. As for individuals and private entities, a word or number must be added as in the following example: Homs-accountants.sy
• Professional names, personal names, and languages: if a word or number is added as in the following examples: Aliothman.sy, Ali-othman.sy, Ali1.sy

• Names of international trademarks: provided that an authorization or agency is obtained from the trademark owner.

Variants of the Domain Name in Arabic Script

The variants of a domain name are all domain names that may cause a visual similarity problem for the end user with the original domain name, resulting from the presence of similar characters between the original domain name and the variant domain name. A number of conditions must be taken into account in selecting variants, the most important of which are:

• The similarity resulting from domain names that contain more than one segment separated by a hyphen (-) and the same domain name without the hyphen (-), provided that there is a taa marbuta (ة) at the end of each segment of the domain name (except the last segment), for example: جامعة-دمشق.سورية and جامعةدمشق.سورية, and مجلة-جامعة-دمشق.سورية and مجلةجامعةدمشق.سورية.
• The similarity resulting from the letter Alif in its different forms, including Hamza and Maddah; for example: Ahmed.syria, Ahmad.syria, and Ahmad.syria are considered variants of the domain Ahmad.syria
• The similarity resulting from the alif maqsura (aa) and the letter yaa (Yaa) at the end of the domain name, or when it appears directly after a hyphen (-), or immediately after a number; for example: Muntada.syria and Muntadi.syria
• The similarity resulting from the letter haa (Haa) and the taa marbuta (Taa) at the end of the word, or when they appear directly after a hyphen (-), or immediately after a number; for example: Madina.syria and Madinah.syria
• The similarity resulting from the letter haa (Haa) appearing separately at the end of the word and the Arabic numeral 5; for example: Rafah.syria and Rafa5.syria
• The similarity resulting from the letter alif (aa) and the numeral 1 in the domain; for example: Raed.syria and R1ed.syria
• The similarity resulting from the repetition of one of the non-connecting letters; for example: Siraybook.syria and Sirayboook.syria

General Domain Names

Based on the regulatory list concerning the general conditions for registering domain names under the top-level domain, particularly Article /3/ on (Domain Name Registration), and item /9/ thereof, which states: (Huranos Company shall define the general domain names that may not be registered by customers, and Huranos Company shall define the conditions for registration under these domains with third-level domain names.).

First: The following general domain names are considered registered to Huranos Company, and registration of third-level domains under them is available as follows:

Second: If the customer has more than one status, they may register one or more third-level domains in accordance with their classification.